![]() ![]() ![]() Reducing proteinuria improves survival in humans and dogs ( 3, 4). In humans, the severity of proteinuria is associated with the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease and is a prognostic indicator in individuals with cardiac disease and diabetic nephropathies ( 12– 15). Studies over the past decade have shown that proteinuria is highly related to reduced survival in both azotemic and non-azotemic cats and dogs ( 3– 11). ![]() Renal loss of plasma proteins can contribute to hypoalbuminemia alterations in coagulation factors, cellular immunity, hormonal status, and mineral and electrolyte metabolism and development of hyperlipidemia in some cases ( 1– 3). Persistent and increased protein levels in the urine are abnormal. ![]()
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March 2023
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