![]() The back or the shell is assembled from thin strips of hardwood (maple, cherry, ebony, rosewood, gran, wood and/or other tonewoods) called ribs, joined (with glue) edge to edge to form a deep rounded body for the instrument. The sound hole is not open, but rather covered with a grille in the form of an intertwining vine or a decorative knot, carved directly out of the wood of the soundboard. In all lutes the soundboard has a single (sometimes triple) decorated sound hole under the strings called the rose. ![]() The soundboard is a teardrop-shaped thin flat plate of resonant wood (usually spruce). Recent research by Eckhard Neubauer suggests that ‘ud may in turn be an Arabized version of the Persian name rud, which meant "string," "stringed instrument," or "lute." Gianfranco Lotti suggests that the "wood" appellation originally carried derogatory connotations, because of proscriptions of all instrumental music in early Islam. The words "lute" and "oud" derive from Arabic al‘ud ( العود literally "the wood").
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